Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse is more common than many women realise, yet it often goes unspoken due to embarrassment or lack of awareness. Medically, this condition is called dyspareunia, and it can affect women of any age. While occasional discomfort may not always be serious, persistent pain can signal an underlying health issue that requires medical attention. Understanding the possible causes, knowing when to seek help, and learning about available treatments are important steps toward improving intimacy, confidence, and overall wellbeing.

What Does Pain During Sex Mean?

Dyspareunia refers to recurring pain in the genital area before, during, or after sexual activity. This pain can feel like:

• A sharp, burning sensation at the vaginal opening.
• Deep pelvic pain with thrusting.
• Aching or cramping after intercourse.

The discomfort can be mild or severe, lasting a few minutes or longer. For some women, the pain occurs only in certain positions, while for others it happens every time they attempt intercourse.

Common Causes of Pain During Sexual Intercourse

There are many reasons why women may experience pain during sex. Causes can be broadly divided into physical, hormonal, and psychological factors.

Vaginal Dryness

One of the most common causes is inadequate lubrication. This may occur due to:

• Insufficient arousal.
• Menopause and reduced oestrogen levels.
• Breastfeeding or postpartum changes.
• Certain medications such as antidepressants or antihistamines.

Infections and Inflammation

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or yeast infections can cause burning and irritation.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like herpes or chlamydia may also contribute.
• Vaginitis or pelvic inflammatory disease can result in significant discomfort.

Structural or Gynaecological Conditions

• Endometriosis: Painful tissue growth outside the uterus can cause deep pain during intercourse.
• Ovarian cysts or uterine fibroids may lead to pelvic pressure and pain.
• Pelvic floor dysfunction: Tight or weak muscles can cause discomfort.
• Scarring after childbirth, surgery, or radiation may narrow the vaginal opening.

Hormonal Changes

• Low oestrogen after menopause or childbirth can thin vaginal tissues, making them fragile and sensitive.
• Hormonal imbalances may also affect lubrication and elasticity.

Psychological and Emotional Factors

The mind and body are closely linked. Stress, anxiety, depression, or past traumatic experiences can all influence sexual response. Anticipation of pain may create a cycle where the body tenses, worsening discomfort.

When Should You Seek Medical Help?

While some women may dismiss pain during sex as “normal,” ongoing discomfort should never be ignored. Seek medical advice if:

• Pain is persistent or worsening.
• It interferes with intimacy or relationships.
• There is associated bleeding, unusual discharge, or fever.
• You experience pelvic pain outside of intercourse.

A thorough evaluation by a gynaecologist can help identify the underlying cause and provide targeted treatment.

Diagnosis: How Doctors Identify the Cause

Your gynaecologist will take a detailed medical history and ask about the nature of your symptoms. A physical and pelvic examination may be performed. Depending on findings, additional tests might include:

• Vaginal swabs to check for infections.
• Ultrasound scans to assess pelvic organs.
• Hormone level tests if menopausal or hormonal issues are suspected.
• Referral to a pelvic floor specialist if muscular causes are suspected.

Lifestyle Tips to Reduce Discomfort

Along with medical treatment, some lifestyle changes may ease discomfort and improve sexual health:

• Take more time for arousal and foreplay to increase natural lubrication.
• Try different positions to find what feels most comfortable.
• Avoid irritants such as perfumed soaps, harsh cleansers, or douches.
• Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy diet to support overall vaginal health.
• Engage in relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation to reduce stress.

The Emotional Impact of Pain During Sex

Painful intercourse is not just a physical issue—it can take a toll on self-esteem, intimacy, and relationships. Many women hesitate to talk about it, which can increase feelings of isolation. Open communication with your partner and seeking timely medical help can make a significant difference. Remember, you are not alone, and effective treatments are available.

Breaking the Silence

Sexual health is an essential part of overall wellbeing. Unfortunately, cultural taboos and misconceptions often prevent women from speaking up. By understanding that dyspareunia is a medical condition—not something to be ignored or endured—more women can find relief and regain confidence in their intimate lives.

Take the First Step Towards Relief

If you are experiencing pain during sexual intercourse, you don’t have to suffer in silence. The right diagnosis and treatment can restore comfort and confidence.

Consult Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur Today

Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur, a trusted Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, offers compassionate and personalised care for women experiencing painful intercourse and other gynaecological concerns. With expertise in women’s health and a holistic approach, she can help you find the cause of your discomfort and guide you towards effective treatment.

Book your consultation with Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur today and take the first step towards a healthier, pain-free intimate life.